hello no one who is reading except for ms zhang
i have made a BRILLIANT discovery. well from my experiment, the 2 batches of cupcakes which had over 1.5 teaspoons of bicarbonate soda had collapsed during the baking process whereas the 2 batches with less than 1 teaspoon of bicarbonate soda had baked roundly and perfectly. i will post pictures to compare the 4.
edit #1
cupcake batch: 3 teaspoons
cupcake batch : 1.5 teaspoons
cupcake batch : 1 teaspoon (also known as perfecto batch)
cupcake batch : no bicarb soda
so basically the amount of bicarbonate soda has to be exact or otherwise the cupcakes will not turn out well. Also the bicarbonate soda acts as a browning agent, giving the cupcakes their brown-colour. The more bicarb soda that was used, the more brown in colour it was. When too much bicarbonate soda was used, the cupcakes collapsed during the baking process but when the cupcakes had no bicarb soda, the cupcakes did not rise or gain any colour. there were aslo cracks in the batch with no bicarb soda.